Impact of vertical positioning on lung aeration among mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients: a randomized crossover clinical trial / Impacto do posicionamento vertical na aeração pulmonar em pacientes de unidades de terapia intensiva ventilados mecanicamente: um estudo clínico transversal randomizado

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the impact of different vertical positions on lung aeration in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: An open-label randomized crossover clinical trial was conducted between January and July 2020. Adults receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for > 24 hours and < 7 days with hemodynamic, respiratory and neurological stability were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to the sitting position followed by passive orthostasis condition or the passive orthostasis followed by the sitting position condition. The primary outcome was lung aeration assessed using the lung ultrasound score (score ranges from 0 [better] to 36 [worse]). Results: A total of 186 subjects were screened; of these subjects, 19 were enrolled (57.8% male; mean age, 73.2 years). All participants were assigned to receive at least one verticalization protocol. Passive orthostasis resulted in mean lung ultrasound scores that did not differ significantly from the sitting position (11.0 versus 13.7; mean difference, -2.7; [95%CI -6.1 to 0.71; p = 0.11). Adverse events occurred in three subjects in the passive orthostasis group and in one in the sitting position group (p = 0.99). Conclusion: This analysis did not find significant differences in lung aeration between the sitting and passive orthostasis groups. A randomized crossover clinical trial assessing the impact of vertical positioning on lung aeration in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation is feasible. Unfortunately, the study was interrupted due to the need to treat COVID-19 patients. ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT04176445

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de diferentes posicionamentos verticais na aeração pulmonar em pacientes em ventilação mecânica invasiva. Métodos: Trata-se de ensaio clínico aberto, randomizado e transversal, realizado entre janeiro e julho de 2020. Adultos em ventilação mecânica invasiva por mais de 24 horas e menos de 7 dias com estabilidade hemodinâmica, respiratória e neurológica foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em uma proporção de 1:1 à postura sentada seguida da condição de ortostatismo passivo ou o ortostatismo passivo seguido de postura sentada. O desfecho primário foi a aeração pulmonar avaliada pelo lung ultrasound score. O escore varia de zero (melhor) a 36 (pior). Resultados: Foram selecionados 186 indivíduos; destes, 19 foram incluídos (57,8% do sexo masculino; média idade de 73,2 anos). Todos os participantes foram selecionados para receber pelo menos um protocolo de verticalização. O ortostatismo passivo resultou em escores médios de aeração pulmonar por ultrassonografia que não diferiram significativamente da postura sentada (11,0 versus 13,7; diferença média, -2,7; IC95% -6,1 a 0,71; p = 0,11). Ocorreram eventos adversos em três indivíduos no grupo ortostatismo passivo e em um no grupo postura sentada (p = 0,99). Conclusão: Esta análise não encontrou diferenças significativas na aeração pulmonar entre os grupos ortostatismo passivo e postura sentada. É factível conduzir um estudo clínico transversal randomizado para avaliar o impacto do posicionamento vertical na aeração pulmonar em pacientes em ventilação mecânica invasiva. Infelizmente, o estudo foi interrompido devido à necessidade de tratar pacientes com COVID-19. Registro ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04176445

Anesthetic induction and endotracheal intubation in the sitting position due to the fixed forearm caught by a meat grinder

Abstract A male patient was scheduled for urgent amputation of his right forearm. His right forearm was stuck inside the insertion slot of a meat grinder, resulting in severe pain to his injured arm. His upper body could not move to sit in a semi-upright position. An endotracheal tube was successfully placed after rapid sequence intubation using a video laryngoscope from behind the patient on the first attempt. This case report is the first documentation of successful anesthetic induction with subsequent endotracheal intubation using a video laryngoscope from behind an injured patient whose upper body was upright with limited positioning.

Association between isokinetic strength measures and functional performance in community-dwelling older adults / Asociación entre las medidas de fuerza isocinética y el rendimiento funcional en personas mayores en la comunidad / Associação entre medidas de força isocinética e desempenho funcional em pessoas idosas da comunidade

ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown an association between lower limb muscle strength and functional performance, but a dose-response relationship between the strength of each lower limb muscle group and performance in daily life activities in older adults has not been well established. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between isokinetic muscle strength of all eight major lower limb muscle groups and functional performance in community-dwelling older adults. The muscle strength of the plantar flexors and dorsiflexors of the ankle, flexors and extensors of the knee, and flexors, extensors, adductors, and abductors of the hip were evaluated using a Biodex System 4 Pro® isokinetic dynamometer. Functional performance was evaluated in 109 participants using the five-times sit-to-stand test (STS) and 4-meter usual walking speed (UWS). The multiple linear regression analyses showed that the hip abductors strength predicted 31.3% of the variability for UWS (p=0.011), and the knee extensors strength (p=0.015) predicted 31.6% of the variability for the STS. We conclude that hip abductors and knee extensors could be the key muscle groups involved in sit to stand and walking speed performance in older adults.

RESUMEN Estudios previos ya demostraron la asociación entre la fuerza muscular de los miembros inferiores y el rendimiento funcional, sin embargo, no está bien establecida la contribución de los principales músculos de los miembros inferiores sobre el rendimiento de las personas mayores en las actividades diarias. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre la fuerza muscular isocinética de los ocho principales grupos musculares de los miembros inferiores y el rendimiento funcional en personas mayores que viven en la comunidad. La fuerza muscular de los plantiflexores y dorsiflexores del tobillo, los flexores y extensores de la rodilla y los flexores, extensores, aductores y abductores de la cadera se evaluaron por medio del dinamómetro isocinético Biodex System 4 Pro®. El rendimiento funcional de 109 participantes se evaluó mediante el test de sentarse y pararse cinco veces (STS) y la velocidad de marcha habitual de 4 metros. Los análisis de regresión lineal múltiple mostraron que la fuerza de los abductores de la cadera predijo el 31,3% de la variabilidad para la velocidad de marcha habitual (p=0,011); y la fuerza de los extensores de la rodilla (p=0,015), el 31,6% de variabilidad para STS. Se concluyó que los abductores de la cadera y los extensores de la rodilla pueden ser los principales grupos musculares involucrados en el rendimiento de los adultos mayores para sentarse, pararse y caminar.

RESUMO Estudos anteriores já demonstraram a associação entre força muscular de membros inferiores e desempenho funcional, mas a contribuição dos principais músculos dos membros inferiores para o desempenho de pessoas idosas nas atividades cotidianas não foi bem estabelecida. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre a força muscular isocinética dos oito principais grupos musculares dos membros inferiores e o desempenho funcional em pessoas idosas da comunidade. A força muscular dos plantiflexores e dorsiflexores do tornozelo, flexores e extensores do joelho e flexores, extensores, adutores e abdutores do quadril foi avaliada utilizando um dinamômetro isocinético Biodex System 4 Pro®. O desempenho funcional de 109 participantes foi avaliado usando o teste de sentar e levantar cinco vezes (TSL) e de velocidade de marcha habitual de 4 metros (VMH). As análises de regressão linear múltipla mostraram que a força dos abdutores do quadril previu 31,3% da variabilidade para a VMH (p=0,011), e a força dos extensores do joelho (p=0,015) 31,6% da variabilidade para o TSL. Concluímos que os abdutores do quadril e os extensores do joelho podem ser os principais grupos musculares envolvidos no desempenho de pessoas idosas para sentar-levantar e caminhar.

Spinal cord ischemia as intraoperatory complication in shoulder surgery positioned in beach chair: case report

Abstract Spinal cord infarction is an uncommon phenomenon, which can be caused by different etiologies, constituting a real diagnostic challenge which can lead to devastating consequences. General anesthesia in beach chair positioning with intraoperative hypotension in order to avoid surgical bleeding are associated with hypoperfusion and potential neurological ischemia-related complications. We present a case of spinal cord ischemia in the context of shoulder surgery in a beach chair position.

Cerebral oxygenation assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy in the sitting and prone positions during posterior fossa surgery: a prospective, randomized clinical study

Abstract Objectives: Sitting position (SP) or prone position (PP) are used for posterior fossa surgery. The SP induced reduction in cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) has been shown in shoulder surgeries, but there is not enough data in intracranial tumor surgery. Studies showed that PP is safe in terms of cerebral oxygen saturation in patients undergoing spinal surgery. Our hypothesis is that the SP may improve cerebral oxygenation in the patients with intracranial pathologies due to reduction in intracranial pressure. Therefore, we compared the effects of the SP and PP on rSO2 in patients undergoing posterior fossa tumor surgery. Methods: Data were collected patients undergoing posterior fossa surgery, 20 patients in SP compared to 21 patients in PP. The rSO2 was assessed using INVOS monitor. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), EtCO2, BIS, and bilateral rSO2 were recorded preoperatively, and at 5, 8, and 11 minutes after the intubation and every 3 minutes after patient positioning until the initial surgical incision. Results: Cerebral oxygenation slowly reduced in both the sitting and prone position patients following the positioning (p < 0.002), without any difference between the groups. The HR and MAP were lower in the sitting SP after positioning compared to the PP. Conclusion: Neurosurgery in the SP and PP is associated with slight reduction in cerebral oxygenation. We speculate that if we rise the lower limit of MAP, we might have showed the beneficial effect of the SP on rSO2.

Is physical inactivity and sedentary behavior associated with tumor stage in breast cancer patients? A cross-sectional study of Brazilian women

ABSTRACT Objective A comparative analysis of the association between sedentary behavior versus physical activity levels and tumor staging in women with breast cancer. Methods The present research adopted a cross-sectional study design to recruit a total of 55 adult and elderly women newly diagnosed with breast cancer for data collection and analysis. Inclusion criteria involved patients in procession of a formal approval for participation in the study by the treating physician and those not hitherto subjected to the first cycle of chemotherapy. Results Physical activity levels did not influence the pathological stage of breast cancer (p=0.26) or histological tumor grade (p=0.07) in the analyzed subjects. However, there was a significant association between physical activity levels and responsiveness to hormones (epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2), p<0.05) in the analyzed subjects. Significant difference was detected in the histological tumor grade in relation to the mean time spent sitting during the weekend (p<0.05). However, sedentary behavior had no influence on the tumor stage (p>0.05). Conclusion Physical activity levels did not influence the tumor stage and histological tumor grade. Sedentary behavior had a significant influence on the histological tumor grade.

Simultaneous Cesarean Section and Maternal Cardiac Surgery: Outcomes and Feasibility from a Tertiary Care Hospital in India

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of pregnancy-related mortality, and it has gradually increased over time; this rise has been attributed to numerous reasons including the growing number of women with congenital heart disease who are surviving to childbearing age. Valve surgery during pregnancy is a high risk, with a fetal and maternal mortality rate of 35% and 9%, respectively. Prior knowledge about the cardiovascular disease opens up a host of options for the mother even during pregnancy, but presentation in the 3rd trimester puts both the mother and the baby at risk. Simultaneous caesarean section and maternal cardiac surgery is a suitable option for this subset of patients, and with this study we aim to assess its outcomes and feasibility. Methods: This is a retrospective study of five pregnant patients who presented with predominant symptoms of heart failure in the 3rd trimester between June 2019 and June 2021. Intraoperative and postoperative intensive care unit charts of all the patients were reviewed. Results: All five patients underwent simultaneous cesarean section and maternal cardiac surgery successfully with no fetal or maternal mortality and are doing well in the follow-up period. Conclusion: Cesarean section followed by definitive maternal cardiac surgery in the same sitting is a safe and feasible approach in the management of such patients. A well-prepared team is pivotal for a safe delivery with a cardiopulmonary bypass machine on standby. Specialized multidisciplinary care in the antepartum, peripartum, and postpartum period is essential to improve outcomes.

Postural Hypervigilance and Perception of Correct Sitting Posture in Individuals With and Without Low Back Pain / Hipervigilância postural e percepção da postura correta sentada em indivíduos com e sem dor lombar

Abstract Objectives To verify if there is a difference in postural hypervigilance in sitting in individuals with and without low back pain. Additionally, to observe whether there is a difference in the perception of correct sitting posture between individuals with low back pain and without low back pain. Methods The present study has a cross-sectional observational design, as a sample size of 92 individuals, later divided equally into two groups (with low back pain and without low back pain). Two instruments were used: the hypervigilance scale to analyze the frequency that volunteers correct their sitting posture during the day, and posture scans to investigate the perception of volunteers about the correct sitting posture. The data were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk Normality test. To compare the values of Hypervigilance Scale, the Mann-Whitney, Chi-Square, and Fisher Exact tests were used to assess correct sitting posture. Results There was no significant difference between postural hypervigilance in sitting between individuals with low back pain and without low back pain. There was no significant difference between the choice of correct sitting posture between the group of individuals with and without low back pain. Conclusion There is no difference between the choice of correct sitting posture and the amount of postural hypervigilance in individuals with or without low back pain.

Resumo Objetivos Verificar se há diferença na hipervigilância postural sentada em indivíduos com e sem dor lombar. Além disso, observar se há diferença na percepção da postura correta sentada entre indivíduos com dor lombar e sem dor lombar. Métodos O presente estudo possui delineamento observacional transversal, como tamanho amostral de 92 indivíduos, posteriormente divididos igualmente em dois grupos (com dor lombar e sem dor lombar). Foram utilizados dois instrumentos: a escala de hipervigilância para analisar a frequência que voluntários corrigem a postura sentada no dia; e o quadro de posturas para investigar a percepção dos voluntários sobre a postura correta sentada. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de Normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk. Para comparar os valores da Escala de Hipervigilância foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney e o teste Qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher para avaliação da postura correta sentada. Resultados Não houve diferença significativa entre a hipervigilância postural sentada entre indivíduos com dor lombar e sem dor lombar. Não houve diferença significativa entre a escolha da postura correta sentada entre o grupo de indivíduos com e sem dor lombar. Conclusão Não há diferença entre a escolha da postura correta sentada e quantidade de hipervigilância postural em indivíduos com ou sem dor lombar.

Comparative study on the axial length measurement with A-scan on different postures for difficult measuring eyes / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To provide guidance for more accurate measurement of axial length(AL)of difficult measuring eyes by comparing the differences in the AL of the patient's difficult measuring eye with three methods of the sitting position, supine position A-scan and Lenstar 900(Lenstar, LS900). METHODS: Clinical case-control study. We selected 102 cases(102 eyes)including cataract patients with combined silicone oil filled, vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment and patients with dislocation of the lens or IOL in Zhengzhou Second Hospital from May 2019 to September 2020. AL were measured using LS900 and A-scan on sitting position and supine position respectively, and the results of the three methods were statistically analyzed.RESULTS: The detection rates of LS900 and A-scan axial measurement were 83% and 100% respectively. Three methods of A scan in sitting position, supine position and LS900 to measure the overall AL, silicone oil group, lens dislocation group and vitreous hemorrhage group, the differences were statistically significant(P&#x003C;0.001), The mean values of AL measured by overall A-scan, supine positions of silicone oil group, supine position of lens dislocation group and vitreous hemorrhage group were statistically significant differences with LS900 measurement(all P&#x003C;0.05), while there was no statistical difference between the results of the overall sitting position and the difficult measuring eye groups' sitting position compared with the LS900 measurement of AL. The three measurements showed good consistency within the 95% consistency range, but the result of A-scan on sitting position was closer to LS900.CONCLUSION: Changing the conventional decubitus position to the sitting position can improve the accuracy of the measurement results and provide clinicians with more reliable guidance for the treatment of patients with difficult measuring eyes of A-scan axial measurement, especially in diseases with altered ocular structure.

Reemplazo de silla por balón de estabilidad mejora fuerza muscular y calidad de vida en trabajadores de oficina: Estudio piloto / Chair Replacement by Stability Ball Improves Muscle Strength and Quality of Life in Office Workers: Pilot Study

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar si el reemplazo parcial de silla de oficina por un balón de estabilidad aumenta la fuerza-resistencia de musculatura extensora de tronco y equilibrio estático, así como mejora la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adultos que realizan trabajo de oficina. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de diseño preexperimental pre-post sin grupo control. La muestra fue intencionada, de 18 trabajadores de oficina entre 25 y 55 años. Durante 8 semanas se realizó un reemplazo parcial y progresivo de una silla de oficina por un balón de estabilidad durante las horas de trabajo. Pre y post al reemplazo se evaluó la fuerza-resistencia de la musculatura extensora de tronco mediante el test clínico Biering Sorensen, el equilibrio estático mediante oscilografía postural y la calidad de vida con el cuestionario de percepción de calidad de vida relacionado con la salud SF-36. Resultados: Se observó una mayor fuerza-resistencia muscular (p=0,003), y un mejor puntaje en las dimensiones rol físico (p=0,041), dolor corporal (p=0,017), salud general (p=0,027), función social (p=0,017), rol emocional (p=0,043) y salud mental (p=0,036). Conclusiones: El reemplazo parcial y progresivo de la silla de oficina por un balón de estabilidad durante 8 semanas aumentó la fuerza-resistencia de la musculatura extensora de tronco y mejoró la percepción de calidad de vida en trabajadores de oficina.

ABSTRACT Aim: To determine if the partial replacement of the office chair with a stability ball increases the strength-resistance of the trunk extensor muscles and static balance, as well as improves the health-related quality of life in office workers. Materials and methods: Pre-post experimental design study without control group. Intentional sample of 18 office workers between 25 and 55 years old. For 8 weeks, a partial and progressive replacement of an oice chair with a stability ball was performed during working hours. Before and after replacement, the strength-resistance of the trunk extensor muscles was evaluated using the Biering Sorensen clinical test, static balance was measured using postural oscillography and quality of life was evaluated with the quality of life perception questionnaire related to health SF-36. Results: Greater muscular strength-endurance (p = 0.003), and a better score in the dimensions of physical role (p = 0.041), body pain (p = 0.017), general health (p = 0.027), social function ( p = 0.017), emotional role (p = 0.043) and mental health (p = 0.036) were observed. Conclusions: The partial and progressive replacement of the office chair by a stability ball for 8 weeks increased the strength-resistance of the trunk extensor muscles and improved the perception of quality of life in office workers.

Posición semisentada en neurocirugía. Nota técnica y presentación de casos ilustrativos / Semi-sitting position in neurosurgery. Technical note and illustrative case presentation

Introducción: En las últimas décadas el uso de la posición sentada ha disminuido en frecuencia a causa de 2 complicaciones mayores: el embolismo aéreo venoso y la hipotensión intraoperatoria. Sin embargo es innegable que la posición sentada ofrece una serie de ventajas al neurocirujano, el anestesiólogo y al electrofisiólogo. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes operados en dos instituciones de Tucumán, entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2019. Resultados: Se operaron un total de 119 pacientes en posición sentada por vía posterior. Conclusión: Se presentó la técnica de posición semisentada paso a paso y consejos específicos. Se ilustró la utilidad de la misma mediante la presentación de casos representativos

Introduction: In the last decades, the use of the sitting position has been abandoned due to 2 major complications: venous air embolism and intraoperative hypotension. However, it is undeniable that the sitting position offers a series of advantages to the neurosurgeon, the anesthesiologist and the electrophysiologist. Materials and methods: Retrospective study of patients operated at two institutions in Tucumán, between January 2015 and December 2019. Results: A total of 119 patients were operated in a sitting position and posterior approach. Conclusion: The sitting position technique was presented step by step in detail, with the key steps and a series of tricks. The usefulness of the position was illustrated by presenting representative cases

Workstation With Ergonomic Features For Universiti Kuala Lumpur Midi Classroom

@#This paper presents a design process of workstation with ergonomic features for University Kuala Lumpur MIDI Classroom. The workstation is expected to support body posture, with the aim to increase comfortability of a user usage for long periods in a class. Besides that, the workstation will ensure a conducive and responsive learning environment. Discomfort and an improper position can negatively affect overall health and productivity. A new design of workstation, which allows user to sit in ideal sitting position suggested by ergonomist and easy transition from one teaching mode to the next. The researcher has designed and developed a new workstation which has ideal ergonomic sitting working position and capable accommodate 50th percentile human size. These positions were used to evaluate the comfort of the workstation. Subjective evaluations, including comparison of the prototype and standard workstation setup, were carried out using human subjects and ergonomic principles. Result showed that the new workstation is much more comfortable, supporting the body in a balanced way. Users have the freedom to stretch and relax in different working positions before they feel any noticeable discomfort. As a result, it lets user sit for a longer period without strain, thus resulting in higher productivity and concentration in classroom.

Imaging changes in spinal-pelvic sagittal alignment in sitting and standing positions in degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis patients / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Spinal-pelvic sagittal alignment is important for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. However, the current study of the spine-pelvic sagittal alignment in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis is limited to the standing position. There is no relevant report on the spine-pelvic sagittal alignment under the sitting position. OBJECTIVE: To analyze imaging data of sitting-standing spine-pelvic sagittal alignment in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, and to determine the sagittal alignment of spine change in degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis patients from standing position to sitting position. METHODS: Totally 44 patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (12 males, 32 females; age, 50-84 years) were enrolled from Tianjin Hospital from March to September 2019. All patients took X-rays of the spine in standing and sitting positions. Through the hospital image archiving and communication system, spinal and pelvic parameters were measured, including pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and sagittal vertical axis. The parameters were compared between standing posture and sitting posture. By using Pearson’s correlation test, differences of relationship between spinal and pelvic parameters in standing versus sitting position were discussed. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Hospital. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) When moving from standing to sitting position, in 44 degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis patients, pelvic tilt increased [(21.3±10.1)°, (34.0±10.4)°, P 0.05). (2) Whether standing or sitting position, lumbar lordosis was correlated with other parameters (P 0.05), but lumbar lordosis was also correlated with sagittal vertical axis (P < 0.05). (3) When the degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis patients change from standing position to sitting position, the sagittal configuration of spine pelvis shows that the pelvis rotates back around the bilateral femoral heads; the pelvis shows a backward leaning state; the physiological curvature of lumbar spine becomes shallow; and the sagittal balance axis of spine moves forward.

Prevalência e fatores associados a sintomas osteomusculares em profissionais que trabalham predominantemente na postura sentada / Prevalence and factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms in professionals working predominantly in sitting position

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi estimar a prevalência de sintomas osteomusculares (SO) e identificar os fatores associados em profissionais de setores administrativos que trabalham predominantemente na postura sentada. Foi realizado um estudo analítico observacional transversal em uma instituição pública federal na região sul do país. Utilizou-se o questionário nórdico para estimar a prevalência de sintomas osteomusculares, sendo considerado variável dependente para a análise de associação o número de relatos. Após validação por juízes, selecionou-se para investigação 19 variáveis independentes, sendo três sociodemográficas, quatro comportamentais, seis ocupacionais e seis variáveis de saúde. Foi realizada a análise univariada e na sequência regressão múltipla de Poisson com variância robusta. As variáveis independentes foram inseridas por blocos em modelo hierárquico com critério backward stepwise, considerando p<0,20. As medidas de efeito foram expressas em Aumento Relativo (AR) na média, tendo os dados analisados para um nível de significância de 5% e intervalos com 95% de confiança. Participaram da pesquisa 451 trabalhadores, com média de idade de 44,4 anos, a maioria do sexo feminino (54,5%), com ensino superior ou pós-graduação (81,2%), não tabagista (84,2%) e praticante de atividade física (53,9%). O tempo médio sentado por dia no trabalho foi de 6,51 horas, em casa ou outros locais 3,12 horas e o tempo em ocupações na postura sentada de 20,29 anos. A prevalência de SO nos últimos 12 meses foi de 90% IC95% [87% ; 93%], sendo os locais mais afetados a coluna lombar com 61%, seguido de pescoço 49,7% e ombros 49,4%. As condições ergonômicas foram consideradas boas e 81,1% dos trabalhadores apresentaram índice de capacidade para o trabalho (ICT) bom ou ótimo. Quanto à saúde, 55,2% estavam com a circunferência da cintura acima do desejável, 54,1% fizeram uso de medicamentos nos últimos doze meses, 61,7% e 44,8% apresentaram baixa flexibilidade e resistência muscular, respectivamente. No modelo final da análise de regressão, as variáveis sexo feminino (AR=14,75%), ICT baixo (AR=100,02%) e moderado (AR=64,06%), uso de medicamentos (AR=48,06%) e circunferência da cintura em risco (AR=15,59%), tiveram associação significativa com o aumento da média de SO, já a escolaridade com ensino técnico, atuou como fator de proteção reduzindo a média em 36,46%. Ciente nesse contexto, podem-se propor medidas para melhoria, como por exemplo, realizar adaptações no ambiente laboral e mudanças da organização do trabalho objetivando mais atividade física e redução do tempo sentado por dia. Além de outros benefícios, essas ações contribuem diretamente na redução da pressão na coluna lombar e aumento do gasto energético, podendo contribuir na redução da obesidade abdominal e indiretamente melhorar a capacidade para o trabalho. Outra medida substancial é o tratamento à elevada presença de sintomas, pois toda dor, formigamento ou dormência necessitam de cuidados imediatos, evitando-se possíveis lesões incapacitantes no futuro. Portanto, a saúde desses trabalhadores requer cuidados específicos e maior atenção, com visão ampliada a fim de promover bem-estar e qualidade de vida sustentável no trabalho

The purpose of this survey was to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (MS) and identify the related factors in professionals of administrative sectors who work predominantly seated. An analytical observational cross-sectional study was carried out in a federal public institution in the country's southern region. The Nordic questionnaire was used to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms, being considered dependent variable for the association analysis of the number of reports. After validation by judges, 19 independent variables were selected for study, being three sociodemographic, four behavioral, six occupational, and six health variables. A univariate analysis was performed and then multiple regression of Poisson with robust variance. The independent variables were inserted by blocks in hierarchical model with backward stepwise criterion, considering p<0.20. The effect measures were expressed in average Relative Increase (RI), having data analyzed for a significance level of 5% and confidence intervals in 95%. 451 workers took part of the survey, with mean age of 44.4 years, the most part females (54.5%), with higher education or graduate studies (81.2%), non-smokers (84.2%), and practicing physical activities (53.9%). The mean time seated per day at work was 6.5 hours, at home or other places 3.1 hours, and the time in sitting-posture occupations was 20.3 years. The prevalence of MS in the last 12 months was 90% CI95% [87% - 93%], being the most affected areas: lumbar spine with 61%, followed by neck with 49.7%, and shoulders 49.4%. The ergonomic conditions were considered to be good and 81.1% of the workers presented good or great work capability index (WCI). Regarding health, 55.2% were with waist circumference above recommended level, 54.1% used drug products in the last twelve months, and 61.7% and 44.8% presented low flexibility and muscular resistance, respectively. In the final model of regression analysis, the female variables (RI=14.75%), low WCI (RI=100.02%), and mild WCI (RI=64.06%), use of drug products (RI=48.06%), and waist circumference at risk (RI=15.59%), had significant association with the increase of MS average. The education with technical instruction acted as a protection factor by reducing the average by 36.46%. Aware of this context, improvement measures can be proposed, e.g., perform adaptations in the work environment and changes in the work organization, aiming more physical activities and reduction of time seated per day. In addition to other benefits, these actions contribute directly in reducing the lumbar spine pressure and increasing the consumption of energy, what may contribute in reducing abdominal obesity, and indirectly in improving the capability for work. Another substantial measure is the treatment to the high presence of symptoms, because every pain, tingling or numbness needs immediate care, avoiding potential disabling injuries in the future. Therefore, the health of these workers needs specific care and greater attention, with expanded view in order to promote welfare and sustainable quality of life at work

A randomized controlled trial of sitting position and supine position in bronchoscopy on securing a clear airway during anesthesia / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To study the airway patency during sitting position and supine position in bronchoscopy during anesthesia. Method Forty-eight patients underwent bronchoscopy during Non-intubation anesthesia were randomly allocated to two groups.There were 24 cases in each group by observeing the airway patency and vital signs of the two groups during the procedure. Result Sitting position in bronchoscopy during anesthesia have the shorter average time to reach the carina, on securing a clear airway. The incidence of desaturation, hypertension and agitation were lower in sitting position during bronchoscopy. Conclusion Bronchoscopy anesthesia can reduce discomfort and fear, but traditional supine bronchoscopy anesthesia can cause displacement of the tongue, collapse of the upper airway in the oropharynx, soft palate and vocal cord related to gravity may seriously obstruct the upper airway, not only brings inconvenience to the inspection, but also increases the risk of airway correlation and hemodynamic instability, Sitting bronchoscopy ensure the airway patency and maintain a more stable hemodynamic state, so that sitting position in the sedation of bronchoscopy anesthesia is safer and more convenient.

Different position row of phlegm for decreasing the time of neurosurgery patients with tracheotomy lien impact study / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of sitting and lateral sputum aspiration on the retention time of tracheal cannula in patients with neurosurgical tracheotomy. Methods Totally 120 cases of neurosurgery tracheotomy in hospitalized patients complicated with pulmonary infection by random number table method, 58 cases were divided into experimental group and control group 62 examples, two groups of patients with sputum top all joint taps to the back of the chest, the experimental group after taps take seat effectively causes cough; In the control group, the lateral position was used to effectively cough or induce cough, and the daily sputum volume of the two groups of patients was observed. To observe the time when the body temperature was restored to normal after the phlegm of the two groups of patients, the time of the lung auscultation, and the time of the tracheal tube retention. Results Implementing position row of phlegm daily sputum volume within a week the experimental group were (44.84±6.85) ml, (44.60±6.80) ml, (43.79±5.98) ml, (44.38±5.42) ml, (42.22±5.45) ml, (38.12±4.77) ml, (36.88±4.57) ml and control group were(36.13±7.34) ml, (35.15±7.34) ml, (36.13±7.34) ml, (37.13±7.34) ml, (37.13±7.34) ml, (32.97±7.17) ml, (31.35±4.36) ml, the difference had statistical significance (t=4.30-7.31, P<0.01);In the two groups, the time of normal body temperature recovery, the time of hearing and the time of the lung and the time spent in the tracheal tube were compared, and the experimental group were respectively (9.93±2.02) d, (32.33±1.50) d, (37.33±1.50) d, while control group were(15.77±1.05) d, (37.63 ± 2.33) d, (42.63 ± 2.33) d, the difference had statistical significance (t=20.04, 14.71, P<0.01). Conclusions It is better to reduce the retention time of tracheal tube in patients with neurosurgical patients than the lateral position.

Semi-sitting Position in Neurosurgery: A Review / Posição semissentada em neurocirurgia: uma revisão

Specialists rarely perform neurosurgical procedures on patients in the semi-sitting position. This is due to several factors, most importantly, the perception of risks associated with this position and lack of practice in some services. Nevertheless, the benefit of this position is still the subject of controversy both in eurosurgery and neuroanesthesia. Our objective is to report on the benefits associated to its use for posterior fossa diseases and dorsal cervical spine procedures, through cases in the literature. We survey and analyze state-of -the art works that mention the semi-sitting position, based on searches in Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct, and Lilacs.We found 46 original articles on the subject that we included in the review. This review emonstrates that the advantages for access in this position include gravitational drainage of venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid, easier surgical access to midline structures, as well as reduced cerebellar edema, surgery time and blood loss. This technique also allows ventilation with low pressure, less impairment of diaphragmatic motion, and better access to the tracheal tube. There are, however, some disadvantages, among which the most serious is paradoxical arterial embolism. We describe early detection methods of complications and discuss situations that can factor in to the choice of position. In summary, a semi-sitting position is safe and effective in neurosurgical posterior fossa and the upper cervical spine, provided there is a joint effort between neurosurgeons and anesthesiologists in selecting patients and complying with the technical standards favorable to this technique.

Especialistas raramente realizam procedimentos neurocirúrgicos em pacientes em posição semi-sentada. Vários são os fatores, o mais importante, a percepção dos riscos associados a esta posição e falta de prática emalguns serviços. No entanto, o benefício desta posição ainda é objeto de controvérsia tanto emneurocirurgia e Neuroanestesia. Nosso objetivo é relatar os benefícios associados ao seu uso para doenças da fossa posterior e procedimentos da coluna cervical dorsal. Realizado um levantamento e analise do estado-da-arte dos documentos que mencionam a posição semi-sentada, com base em pesquisas em Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct e Lilacs. Encontraram-se 46 artigos originais sobre o assunto que foram incluídos na revisão. Esta avaliação demonstra que as vantagens do acesso nesta posição incluem a drenagem gravitacional de sangue venoso e no líquido cefalorraquidiano, o acesso cirúrgico mais fácil para estruturas da linha média, bem como diminuição do edema cerebelar, tempo de cirurgia e perda de sangue. Esta técnica também permite a ventilação com pressão baixa, menor comprometimento da mobilidade diafragmática, e um melhor acesso ao tubo traqueal. Há, algumas desvantagens, entre as quais a mais grave é a embolia arterial paradoxal. Descreve-se métodos de detecção precoce de complicações e discutir situações que pode fator para a escolha de posição. Em resumo, esta posição é segura e eficaz em fossa posterior e da coluna cervical superior, desde que haja um esforço conjunto entre neurocirurgiões e anestesistas na seleção de pacientes e em conformidade com as normas técnicas favoráveis a esta técnica.

Influence of lumbar disc degeneration on the efficacy of lumbar fixed-point rotation manipulation in sitting position：a finite element study / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To investigate the influence of lumbar disc degeneration on the efficacy of lumbar fixed-point rotation manipulation in sitting position in treating lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH). Methods:We simulated lumbar fixed-point rotation manipulation of sitting position using three finite element models including a normal model, a mild degeneration model and a moderate degeneration model of L3-5, in which the herniated disc was assumed at the left rear of L4 disc and the rotation manipulation was carried out on the right side. The displacement and stress at the left rear of L4 disc of the three models were analyzed. Results:When lumbar fixed-point rotation manipulation in sitting position was carried out, a displacement and stress were generated at the left rear of L4 intervertebral disc of the three models directing forward. The displacement and stress in degeneration models were less than those in the normal model, and the smallest values were found in the moderate degeneration model. From normal model to mild and then to the moderate degeneration model, the displacement decreased by 36% and 59%, and the stress decreased by 22.3% and 45.2%, respectively. Conclusion:The lumbar disc degeneration affects adversely the effectiveness of lumbar fixed-point rotation manipulation in sitting position in the treatment of LIDH. The severer the lumbar degeneration, the greater the influence.

High-resolution Impedance Manometry Criteria in the Sitting Position Indicative of Incomplete Bolus Clearance

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We used high-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) to determine the length of breaks on the isobaric contour which would predict incomplete bolus clearance in patients in the sitting position. METHODS: In total, 651 swallows in 71 patients with esophageal symptoms were studied using a solid-state HRIM system in the sitting position. Each swallow was classified as complete or incomplete bolus clearance by impedance criteria and peristaltic integrity was evaluated using 20- and 30-mmHg pressure topography isobaric contours. Correlations between the lengths of the breaks for 20- and 30-mmHg were analyzed. RESULTS: Complete bolus clearance was observed in 83.3% (542/651) of swallows. Breaks of 3 and 7 cm or less were associated with a bolus clearance of 96.8% on the 20-mmHg and 94.7% on the 30-mmHg isobaric contour, respectively (P < 0.001). The areas under the ROC curves for the 20 and 30 mmHg isobaric contours were 0.900 and 0.950, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for complete bolus clearance were 75.6% and 89.3% for breaks 3 cm or less on the 20-mmHg isobaric contour and 87.9% and 78.7% for breaks 7 cm or less on the 30-mmHg contour (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Breaks of < 3 cm in the 20-mmHg isobaric contour or < 7 cm in the 30-mmHg isobaric contour were associated with com -plete bolus clearance. The threshold for breaks in the sitting position was greater than previous reports using the supine position and longer breaks predicted incomplete bolus clearance.

Effect of beach chair position on bispectral index values during arthroscopic shoulder surgery / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring reduces the cases of intraoperative awareness. Several factors can alter BIS readings without affecting the depth of anesthesia. We conducted a study to assess the impact of beach chair position (sitting position) on BIS readings. METHODS: General anesthesia was administered to 30 patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Patients were kept in neutral position (supine) for 10 minutes and BIS readings, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and end-tidal sevoflurane were recorded. Patients were then shifted to beach chair position. After 15 minutes, data were recorded. RESULTS: A significant decrease in BIS values (P < 0.01) associated with a position change from neutral position to beach chair position was evident. CONCLUSIONS: BIS values are significantly decreased in the beach chair position compared with the neutral position and might affect interpretation of the depth of anesthesia.